Le premier objectif consiste à se demander ce qu’il pourrait se passer si l’on connectait une colonie de fourmis à un ordinateur. Deux objectifs complémentaires ont été fixés pour le conduire : réaliser un système biohybride et essayer de contrôler le comportement des fourmis. Mon travail a consisté à élaborer et utiliser de nouvelles méthodes pour l’étude des fourmis. Par exemple pour trouver le chemin le plus court vers de la nourriture ou le meilleur nid vers lequel migrer, la colonie peut faire son choix de manière collective, décentralisée et sans avoir besoin que les individus ne comparent les options. Il s’avère que les fourmis réalisent certaines tâches de manière différente des humains. L’observation de pratiques que l’on a longtemps pensées exclusives à l’humain telles que l’agriculture (de champignons) ou l’élevage (de pucerons) ne rend que plus urgente l’envie de comprendre de quelle manière s’opèrent ces phénomènes. En particulier les fourmis, capables de s’adapter à des environnements très variés et d’utiliser le biotope à leur avantage. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.Īu sein du règne animal, les insectes sociaux fascinent les humains. cephalotes becomes highly prolific as anthropogenic disturbances increase and why it has turned into a key player of human-modified neotropical landscapes. These results provide a mechanism to partially explain why A. cephalotes in the pasture, where the species displayed thermophilic behavior and the ability to forage across a wide range of temperatures and RH. We found a positive effect of temperature on the foraging activity of A. This species can forage at surface temperatures between 17 and 45☌, air temperatures between 20 and 36☌, and an RH between 40% and 100%. cephalotes was found to have a high tolerance for foraging under severe microclimatic changes. There were climatic differences between habitats during the day but not throughout the night, and A. We characterized the microclimate of each habitat and identified alterations in foraging behavior in response to relative humidity (RH), air temperature, and surface temperature along ant foraging trails by synchronously assessing foraging activity (number of ants per 5 min including incoming laden and unladen and outgoing ants) and microclimatic variables (air temperature, RH, and maximum and minimum surface temperature along the foraging trail). In this study, we investigated whether and how the foraging activity of the leaf-cutter ant Atta cephalotes is modified by microclimatic variations due to land cover change from forest to pasture. These changes have the potential to modify the foraging activity of animals, but few studies have examined this topic. The fragmentation and transformation of land cover modify the microclimate of ecosystems.
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